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Melanocyte Cell

The skin tone that we are born with is first developed by melanocytes. These cells reside in the basal layer of the epidermis (see graphic). The structure of a melanocyte cell is much like an octopus with arm like protrusions called dendrites. One melanocyte cell can provide about 36 keratinocytes that contain melanin. 

MELANOSOME

As melanin is formed, it’s packaged up into unique organelles (tiny structures within the cell) called melanosomes. These packages of melanin are delivered from the melanocyte via the dendrites to the different keratinocytes.

MELANIN

Melanin is pigment formed within the Melanocyte cell, and is the substance that is responsible for the color within our skin, eyes, hair and various other parts of our body. The production of melanin (subject to different stimuli) is the end product that is formed during metabolism of the amino acid Tyrosine. 

Two types of melanin are produced by our bodies: 

  • Eumelanin is brown and black in color. It protects your skin by limiting the amount of harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that can break through and picking up reactive oxygen radicals which, if left alone, could damage your cells and DNA and potentially lead to chronic health conditions like cancer.
  • Pheomelanin, is yellow and red in color. Unlike eumelanin, pheomelanin provides very little protection from UV rays and support the production of reactive oxygen radicals and the damage they cause.

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MELANOSOME

As melanin is formed, it’s packaged up into unique organelles (tiny structures within the cell) called melanosomes. These packages of melanin are delivered from the melanocyte via the dendrites to the different keratinocytes.

MELANIN

Melanin is pigment formed within the Melanocyte cell, and is the substance that is responsible for the color within our skin, eyes, hair and various other parts of our body. The production of melanin (subject to different stimuli) is the end product that is formed during metabolism of the amino acid Tyrosine. 

Two types of melanin are produced by our bodies: 

  • Eumelanin is brown and black in color. It protects your skin by limiting the amount of harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that can break through and picking up reactive oxygen radicals which, if left alone, could damage your cells and DNA and potentially lead to chronic health conditions like cancer.
  • Pheomelanin, is yellow and red in color. Unlike eumelanin, pheomelanin provides very little protection from UV rays and support the production of reactive oxygen radicals and the damage they cause.

MELANOSOME

As melanin is formed, it’s packaged up into unique organelles (tiny structures within the cell) called melanosomes. These packages of melanin are delivered from the melanocyte via the dendrites to the different keratinocytes.

Psoriasis:
A Complex Condition

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease whose pathogenesis consists of hyperkeratotic plaques that are generally located on the scalp, elbows, knees, and buttocks. 

The molecular mechanism or mechanisms involved in psoriasis are not fully understood, but the disease involves different immune cells that interact with keratinocytes (cells responsible for producing keratin and cytokines).

In most cases, psoriasis develops in a mild to moderate form and is currently managed using topical treatments, as the first option, and phototherapy, systemic agents, or a combination of different therapeutic categories in advanced cases.  

Cannabinoids, known for their anti-inflammatory properties, are being explored for their potential to modulate immune responses and keratinocyte behavior, offering a promising avenue for psoriasis treatment.

MELANOSOME

As melanin is formed, it’s packaged up into unique organelles (tiny structures within the cell) called melanosomes. These packages of melanin are delivered from the melanocyte via the dendrites to the different keratinocytes.

MELANIN

Melanin is pigment formed within the Melanocyte cell, and is the substance that is responsible for the color within our skin, eyes, hair and various other parts of our body. The production of melanin (subject to different stimuli) is the end product that is formed during metabolism of the amino acid Tyrosine. 

Two types of melanin are produced by our bodies: 

  • Eumelanin is brown and black in color. It protects your skin by limiting the amount of harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that can break through and picking up reactive oxygen radicals which, if left alone, could damage your cells and DNA and potentially lead to chronic health conditions like cancer.
  • Pheomelanin, is yellow and red in color. Unlike eumelanin, pheomelanin provides very little protection from UV rays and support the production of reactive oxygen radicals and the damage they cause.

MELANOSOME

As melanin is formed, it’s packaged up into unique organelles (tiny structures within the cell) called melanosomes. These packages of melanin are delivered from the melanocyte via the dendrites to the different keratinocytes.

MELANIN

Melanin is pigment formed within the Melanocyte cell, and is the substance that is responsible for the color within our skin, eyes, hair and various other parts of our body. The production of melanin (subject to different stimuli) is the end product that is formed during metabolism of the amino acid Tyrosine. 

Two types of melanin are produced by our bodies: 

  • Eumelanin is brown and black in color. It protects your skin by limiting the amount of harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that can break through and picking up reactive oxygen radicals which, if left alone, could damage your cells and DNA and potentially lead to chronic health conditions like cancer.
  • Pheomelanin, is yellow and red in color. Unlike eumelanin, pheomelanin provides very little protection from UV rays and support the production of reactive oxygen radicals and the damage they cause.

The Vital Role of Aquaporins

Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that form channels to transport water and certain small molecules like glycerol across cell membranes. 

In the skin, aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is particularly important and is found in the plasma membranes of basal layer keratinocytes. AQP3’s role is crucial in maintaining skin hydration, which is vital for the skin’s barrier function and overall health.

In conditions like dermatitis and eczema, where the skin’s barrier function is compromised, AQP3 expression is often increased in response to skin stress. 

This suggests that AQP3 may play a protective role in these diseases, helping to regulate water content and contribute to the skin’s healing process. 

By modulating the activity of AQP3, particularly by using targeted cannabinoids, it may be possible to influence the course of dermatitis and eczema, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies.

This understanding of aquaporins, especially AQP3, highlights their significance in skin physiology and their potential as targets for treating skin disorders characterized by disrupted barrier function and hydration issues.